Part 8-1 maps abstract communication services to Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) for client-server communication, providing read/write access to data, buffered and unbuffered reporting, logging, and file transfer. Part 9-2 defines Sampled Values (SV) transmission over Ethernet, replacing copper wiring from instrument transformers to protection devices with digital data streams. Part 10 defines conformance testing procedures to verify device compliance and ensure interoperability.
GOOSE Messaging
Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) replaces hardwired binary signaling with high-speed multicast Ethernet messages. A GOOSE publisher transmits status and analog values to multiple subscribers on the substation LAN using a retransmission scheme that ensures delivery. GOOSE meets stringent timing requirements for protection applications with typical total transmission times under 4 milliseconds. Benefits include reduced copper wiring, continuous communication path supervision through heartbeat messages, and flexible software-configurable protection schemes.
Process Bus and Digital Substations
The process bus connects process-level equipment (instrument transformers, circuit breakers) to bay-level equipment (protection, control, monitoring) over Ethernet. Non-Conventional Instrument Transformers—Rogowski coils, optical current transformers, capacitive/resistive voltage dividers—provide digital outputs natively interfacing with the process bus. Merging units digitize analog signals from conventional instrument transformers for Sampled Value transmission. Benefits include reduced copper wiring, elimination of open-circuited CT safety hazards, and future-proof digital interfaces.
Conclusion
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